约翰福音 11: 1 - 44 讲道题目: 解开，叫他走

可人妈妈 · 2024-09-06T00:59:24+00:00

约翰福音 11：1 - 44 1 有一个患病的人，名叫拉撒路，住在伯大尼，就是马利亚和她姐姐马大的村庄。 2 这马利亚就是那用香膏抹主，又用头发擦他脚的。患病的拉撒路是她的兄弟。 3 她姊妹两个就打发人去见耶稣说，主阿，你所爱的人病了。 4 耶稣听见就说，这病不至于死，乃是为神的荣耀，叫神的儿子因此得荣耀。...

可人妈妈

约翰福音 11：1 - 44

¹ 有一个患病的人，名叫拉撒路，住在伯大尼，就是马利亚和她姐姐马大的村庄。
² 这马利亚就是那用香膏抹主，又用头发擦他脚的。患病的拉撒路是她的兄弟。
³ 她姊妹两个就打发人去见耶稣说，主阿，你所爱的人病了。

⁴ 耶稣听见就说，这病不至于死，乃是为神的荣耀，叫神的儿子因此得荣耀。
⁵ 耶稣素来爱马大，和她妹子，并拉撒路。
⁶ 听见拉撒路病了，就在所居之地，仍住了两天。
⁷ 然后对门徒说，我们再往犹太去吧。
⁸ 门徒说，拉比，犹太人近来要拿石头打你，你还往那里去吗？
⁹ 耶稣回答说，白日不是有十二小时吗？人在白日走路，就不至跌倒，因为看见这世上的光。
¹⁰ 若在黑夜走路，就必跌倒，因为他没有光。
¹¹ 耶稣说了这话，随后对他们说，我们的朋友拉撒路睡了，我去叫醒他。
¹² 门徒说，主阿，他若睡了，就必好了。
¹³ 耶稣这话是指着他死说的。他们却以为是说照常睡了。
¹⁴ 耶稣就明明地告诉他们说，拉撒路死了。
¹⁵ 我没有在那里就欢喜，这是为你们的缘故，好叫你们相信。如今我们可以往他那里去吧。
¹⁶ 多马，又称为低土马，就对那同作门徒的说，我们也去和他同死吧。

¹⁷ 耶稣到了，就知道拉撒路在坟墓里，已经四天了。
¹⁸ 伯大尼离耶路撒冷不远，约有六里路。
¹⁹ 有好些犹太人来看马大和马利亚，要为她们的兄弟安慰她们。

²⁰ 马大听见耶稣来了，就出去迎接他。马利亚却仍然坐在家里。
²¹ 马大对耶稣说，主阿，你若早在这里，我兄弟必不死。
²² 就是现在，我也知道，你无论向神求什么，神也必赐给你。
²³ 耶稣说，你兄弟必然复活。
²⁴ 马大说，我知道在末日复活的时候，他必复活。
²⁵ 耶稣对他说，复活在我，生命也在我。信我的人，虽然死了，也必复活。
²⁶ 凡活着信我的人，必永远不死。你信这话吗？
²⁷ 马大说，主阿，是的，我信你是基督，是神的儿子，就是那要临到世界的。
²⁸ 马大说了这话，就回去暗暗地叫她妹子，马利亚说，夫子来了，叫你。

²⁹ 马利亚听见了就急忙起来，到耶稣那里去。
³⁰ 那时，耶稣还没有进村子，仍在马大迎接他的地方。
³¹ 那些同马利亚在家里安慰她的犹太人，见她急忙起来出去，就跟着她，以为她要往坟墓那里去哭。
³² 马利亚到了耶稣那里，看见他，就俯伏在他脚前，说，主阿，你若早在这里，我兄弟必不死。
³³ 耶稣看见她哭，并看见与她同来的犹太人也哭，就心里悲叹，又甚忧愁。
³⁴ 便说，你们把他安放在哪里？他们回答说，请主来看。
³⁵ 耶稣哭了。
³⁶ 犹太人就说，你看他爱这人是何等恳切。
³⁷ 其中有人说，他既然开了瞎子的眼睛，岂不能叫这人不死吗？

³⁸ 耶稣又心里悲叹，来到坟墓前。那坟墓是个洞，有一块石头挡着。
³⁹ 耶稣说，你们把石头挪开。那死人的姐姐马大对他说，主阿，他现在必是臭了，因为他死了已经四天了。
⁴⁰ 耶稣说，我不是对你说过，你若信，就必看见神的荣耀吗？
⁴¹ 他们就把石头挪开。耶稣举目望天说，父阿，我感谢你，因为你已经听我。
⁴² 我也知道你常听我，但我说这话，是为周围站着的众人，叫他们信是你差了我来。
⁴³ 说了这话，就大声呼叫说，拉撒路出来。
⁴⁴ 那死人就出来了，手脚裹着布，脸上包着手巾。耶稣对他们说，解开，叫他走。

HRJH

¹ 有一个患病的人，名叫拉撒路，住在伯大尼，就是马利亚和她姐姐马大的村庄。
² 这马利亚就是那用香膏抹主，又用头发擦他脚的。患病的拉撒路是她的兄弟。
³ 她姊妹两个就打发人去见耶稣说，主阿，你所爱的人病了。

⁴ 耶稣听见就说，这病不至于死，乃是为神的荣耀，叫神的儿子因此得荣耀。
⁵ 耶稣素来爱马大，和她妹子，并拉撒路。
⁶ 听见拉撒路病了，就在所居之地，仍住了两天。
⁷ 然后对门徒说，我们再往犹太去吧。
⁸ 门徒说，拉比，犹太人近来要拿石头打你，你还往那里去吗？
⁹ 耶稣回答说，白日不是有十二小时吗？人在白日走路，就不至跌倒，因为看见这世上的光。
¹⁰ 若在黑夜走路，就必跌倒，因为他没有光。
¹¹ 耶稣说了这话，随后对他们说，我们的朋友拉撒路睡了，我去叫醒他。
¹² 门徒说，主阿，他若睡了，就必好了。
¹³ 耶稣这话是指着他死说的。他们却以为是说照常睡了。
¹⁴ 耶稣就明明地告诉他们说，拉撒路死了。
¹⁵ 我没有在那里就欢喜，这是为你们的缘故，好叫你们相信。如今我们可以往他那里去吧。
¹⁶ 多马，又称为低土马，就对那同作门徒的说，我们也去和他同死吧。

¹⁷ 耶稣到了，就知道拉撒路在坟墓里，已经四天了。
¹⁸ 伯大尼离耶路撒冷不远，约有六里路。
¹⁹ 有好些犹太人来看马大和马利亚，要为她们的兄弟安慰她们。

²⁰ 马大听见耶稣来了，就出去迎接他。马利亚却仍然坐在家里。
²¹ 马大对耶稣说，主阿，你若早在这里，我兄弟必不死。
²² 就是现在，我也知道，你无论向神求什么，神也必赐给你。
²³ 耶稣说，你兄弟必然复活。
²⁴ 马大说，我知道在末日复活的时候，他必复活。
²⁵ 耶稣对他说，复活在我，生命也在我。信我的人，虽然死了，也必复活。
²⁶ 凡活着信我的人，必永远不死。你信这话吗？
²⁷ 马大说，主阿，是的，我信你是基督，是神的儿子，就是那要临到世界的。
²⁸ 马大说了这话，就回去暗暗地叫她妹子，马利亚说，夫子来了，叫你。

²⁹ 马利亚听见了就急忙起来，到耶稣那里去。
³⁰ 那时，耶稣还没有进村子，仍在马大迎接他的地方。
³¹ 那些同马利亚在家里安慰她的犹太人，见她急忙起来出去，就跟着她，以为她要往坟墓那里去哭。
³² 马利亚到了耶稣那里，看见他，就俯伏在他脚前，说，主阿，你若早在这里，我兄弟必不死。
³³ 耶稣看见她哭，并看见与她同来的犹太人也哭，就心里悲叹，又甚忧愁。
³⁴ 便说，你们把他安放在哪里？他们回答说，请主来看。
³⁵ 耶稣哭了。
³⁶ 犹太人就说，你看他爱这人是何等恳切。
³⁷ 其中有人说，他既然开了瞎子的眼睛，岂不能叫这人不死吗？

³⁸ 耶稣又心里悲叹，来到坟墓前。那坟墓是个洞，有一块石头挡着。
³⁹ 耶稣说，你们把石头挪开。那死人的姐姐马大对他说，主阿，他现在必是臭了，因为他死了已经四天了。
⁴⁰ 耶稣说，我不是对你说过，你若信，就必看见神的荣耀吗？
⁴¹ 他们就把石头挪开。耶稣举目望天说，父阿，我感谢你，因为你已经听我。
⁴² 我也知道你常听我，但我说这话，是为周围站着的众人，叫他们信是你差了我来。
⁴³ 说了这话，就大声呼叫说，拉撒路出来。
⁴⁴ 那死人就出来了，手脚裹着布，脸上包着手巾。耶稣对他们说，解开，叫他走。

可人妈妈

In the Synoptics Jesus restores to life two persons who have just died, Jairus’ daughter and the son of a widow at Nain (Mk 5:21—43 par.; Lk 7:11—17).

w. 23-6, the dialogue between Jesus and Martha is built on a major misunderstanding: Martha thinks that Jesus is speaking about the resurrection at the end of time, but Jesus asserts that he himself is the resurrection and life, so that soon Lazarus will be raised. Those who believe in Jesus will be able to overcome their own physical death,

The NRSV ‘was greatly disturbed’ translates the Greek enebrimesato, which implies anger. The hypotheses that have been produced about a possible Aramaic or Syriac back- ground (cf. Black 1967: 240-3) do not sufficiently explain our actual text. Probably Jesus’ anger is not so much directed against the lack of faith of those who are weeping (so Bult- mann 1971: 407) as against the power of death he is now confronted with (cf. 12:27; I3:21)- Jesus’ own sorrow is real (cf. v. 35), but at the same time he envisions his fight against Satan, the ruler of this world (cf. 13:27, 30; 14:30).

27: Martha still misunderstands: her belief in Jesus as the Messiah, the Son of God does not include belief that he is “the resurrection and the life” (v. 25).

11.38–44: Calling forth the dead. Raising Lazarus, the final, greatest sign, proves Jesus’ earlier claim in 5.25–29 but is also the catalyst for his death.

from The Gospel According To John I XII ( Anchor Yale Bible AYB) By Raymond Brown

for Lazarus, the one whom Jesus loves, is probably being held up as the representative of all those whom Jesus loves, namely the Christians. … Just as Jesus gives life to his beloved Lazarus, so will he give life to his beloved Christians.

So in xi 4 we are told that Lazarus’ sickness is for God’s glory, since God’s glory will be evident only when the Son is glorified. Such a statement has several Johannine plays on words. The reason why the sickness is not to end in death is because Jesus will give life, that is, physical life as a sign of eternal life. This miracle will glorify Jesus, not so much in the sense that people will admire it and praise him, but in the sense that it will lead to his death, which is a stage in his glorification (xii 23-24, xvii 1).

Evidently the author wishes us to think that Lazarus died immediately after the sisters sent the message. The day that it took for the message to come to Jesus, plus the two days that Jesus remained on after he got the message (6), plus the day that it took Jesus to go to Bethany—these are the four days of vs. 17.

As Bultmann, p. 303, puts it, “Jesus’ works have their own hour.”

Such a play on words is not strange to the Synoptic tradition; for in Mark v 39, after the daughter of Jairus has died, Jesus tells the crowd, “The child is not dead, but asleep.”

but, while in 4 the relation of the miracle to God is emphasized (glorification), in 15 the relation of the miracle to the disciples is emphasized (belief). This last sign of Jesus has much in common with the first: “What Jesus did at Cana . . . revealed his glory and his disciples believed in him” (ii 11).

She regards Jesus as an intermediary who is heard by God (22), but she does not understand that he is life itself (25).

Bultmann, p. 306, is correct when he says that vs. 22 is more a confession than a request.

However, Martha’s general understanding of the resurrection on the last day is scarcely adequate in the present situation, for in Johannine realized eschatology the gift of life that conquers death is a present reality in Jesus Christ (25-26).

Dodd, Interpretation, p. 365. There are two principal ideas. First, Jesus says, **“I am the resurrection.” **

Second, Jesus says, “I am the life.” This statement is commented on in vs. 26. **Whoever receives the gift of life through belief in Jesus will never die a spiritual death, for this life is eternal life. **

We notice that, as usual with the “I am” statements which have a predicate, the predicates “resurrection” and “life” describe what Jesus is in relation to men—-they are what Jesus offers to men.

in vi 40 and 54 the aspect of resurrection that was emphasized was one of final eschatology; in v 24-25 it was one of realized eschatology.

We are probably to understand her outlook in much the same way that we understood that of the Samaritan woman in ch. iv. There Jesus presented himself as the source of living water, but the woman could understand him only as a prophet (iv 19). Ultimately Jesus had to send her off to call her husband in order to lead her to deeper faith. So here in xi, in order to make Martha understand that he has the power to give life now, he will act out a drama of the gift of life by raising Lazarus. He does not reject her traditional titles, but he will demonstrate the deeper truth that lies behind them.

but let us discuss the possibility that Jesus was indignant or angry, rather than moved by sympathy (Lagrange, Bernard) or sorrow…. that he was angry because he found himself face to face with the realm of Satan which, in this instance, was represented by death.

He knows that whatever he asks is according to the Father’s will and that, therefore, he is heard (I John v 14). He demands this same confidence in the prayer of his followers (xiv 12-13, xv 16, xvi 23, 26).

In vss. 41-42 Jesus rejoices because the fact that his prayer is heard leads the crowd to faith, but this is neither arrogance nor showmanship. Because his prayer is heard, they will see a miraculous work which is the work of the Father. Through the exercise of the power of Jesus which is the power of the Father, they will come to know the Father and thus receive life themselves.

What is crucial is that Jesus has given (physical) life as a sign of his power to give eternal life on this earth (realized eschatology) and as a promise that on the last day he will raise the dead (final eschatology).

xi 17: “Lazarus is in the tomb.

43: Jesus shouts in a loud voice, “Lazarus, come out!” 25: “I am the resurrection and the life.”

v 28-29: “An hour is coming in which all those in the tombs will hear his voice and will come forth—those who have done what is right unto the resurrection of life.”

The Seven Signs

Turning Water Into Wine (John 2:1-12) ...
Healing the Nobleman's Son (John 4:46-54) ...
Healing the Man at the Pool (John 5:1-11) ...
Feeding of the 5,000 (John 6:1-15) ...
Walking on Water (John 6:16-21) ...
Healing a Man Born Blind (John 9:1-12) ...
Resurrecting Lazarus (John 11)

可人妈妈

传道书 7:2 往遭丧的家去，强如往宴乐的家去

第一、耶稣变水为酒（2:1-11）
2:10对他说，人都是先摆上好酒。等客喝足了，才摆上次的。你倒把好酒留到如今。
11这是耶稣所行的头一件神迹，是在加利利的迦拿行的，显出他的荣耀来。他的门徒就信他了。

第二、耶稣医治大臣的儿子（4:46-54）
4:53他便知道这正是耶稣对他说，你儿子活了的时候，他自己和全家就都信了。

第三、耶稣医治病了三十八年瘫子（5:1-18）
5:21 父怎样叫死人起来，使他们活着，子也照样随自己的意思使人活着。
24 我实实在在地告诉你们，那听我话，又信差我来者的，就有永生，不至于定罪，是已经出死入生了。
28 你们不要把这事看作希奇。时候要到，凡在坟墓里的，都要听见他的声音，就出来。
29行善的复活得生，作恶的复活定罪。

第四、耶稣给五千人吃饱（6:1-14）
14众人看见耶稣所行的神迹。就说，这真是那要到世间来的先知。…… 39 差我来者的意思，就是他所赐给我的，叫我一个也不失落，在末日却叫他复活。40 因为我父的意思，是叫一切见子而信的人得永生。并且在末日我要叫他复活。

44 若不是差我来的父吸引人，就没有能到我这里来的。到我这里来的，在末日我要叫他复活。

53 耶稣说，我实实在在地告诉你们，你们若不吃人子的肉，不喝人子的血，就没有生命在你们里面。
54 吃我肉，喝我血的人就有永生。在末日我要叫他复活。
…… 56 吃我肉喝我血的人，常在我里面，我也常在他里面。
57 永活的父怎样差我来，我又因父活着，照样，吃我肉的人，也要因我活着。
58 这就是从天上降下来的粮。吃这粮的人，就永远活着，不象你们的祖宗吃过吗哪，还是死了。
63 叫人活着的乃是灵，肉体是无益的。我对你们所说的话，就是灵，就是生命。

第五、耶稣在海面上行走（6:16-21）

第六、耶稣医治生来是瞎子（9:1-7）

第七、叫拉撒路复活（11:1-45）
45
那些来看马利亚的犹太人，见了耶稣所作的事，就多有信他的。
11
因有好些犹太人，为拉撒路的缘故，回去信了耶稣。

20:31
但记这些事，要叫你们信耶稣是基督，是神的儿子。并且叫你们信了他，就可以因他的名得生命。

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